Mechanism of Shaofu Zhuyu Decoction in treatment of EMT induced dysmenorrhea based on network pharmacology and molecular docking / 中国中药杂志

Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform(TCMSP) and Bioinformatics Analysis Tool for Molecular Mechanism of Traditional Chinese Medicine(BATMAN-TCM) were searched for the effective components and targets of Shaofu Zhuyu Decoction. The relevant targets for endometriosis(EMT) and dysmenorrhea were retrieved from the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database(CTD), Therapeutic Target Database(TTD), GeneCards, and DisGeNET with the terms of "endometriosis" and "dysmenorrhea". Cytoscape 3.8.0 was employed to construct the drug-active component-therapeutic target network. A protein-protein interaction(PPI) network was established by STRING 11.0. Analyze Network, the plug-in in the Cytoscape 3.8.0, was used to calculate the topological parameters of the nodes and screen out the critical proteins in the network. The potential therapeutic targets were imported into RStudio and subjected to Gene Ontology(GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG) enrichment analyses with clusterProfiler package. Finally, the AutoDock Vina(Vina) platform was used for molecular docking to predict the binding degree of the main active components of Shaofu Zhuyu Decoction to key targets. As revealed by the screening results, 136 active components and 380 targets of Shaofu Zhuyu Decoction were obtained. Additionally, there were 1 627 targets related to EMT and 142 targets related to dysmenorrhea with 107 common targets, and 42 potential therapeutic targets of Shaofu Zhuyu Decoction for the treatment of EMT-induced dysmenorrhea. The targets such as interleukin 6(IL6) and prostaglandi-nendoperoxide synthase-2(PTGS2) were pivotal in the biological network of Shaofu Zhuyu Decoction intervention in EMT-induced dysmenorrhea, which involved multiple signaling pathways, including inflammation, hormones, and those promoted cell proliferation [e.g., mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK) and phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase(PI3 K)-protein kinase B(AKT)]. The results of molecular docking showed that the active components of Shaofu Zhuyu Decoction had good binding capacities to key targets such as IL6 and PTGS2. The findings of this study demonstrated that Shaofu Zhuyu Decoction could treat EMT-induced dysmenorrhea through multiple targets and multiple pathways, which could provide new ideas for investigating the underlying mechanism of Shaofu Zhuyu Decoction in the treatment of EMT-induced dysmenorrhea.

Estrogen receptor 1, Glutathione S-transferase P1, Glutathione S-transferase M1, and Glutathione S-transferase T1 Genes with Dysmenorrhea in Korean Female Adolescents / 대한진단검사의학회지

BACKGROUND: Dysmenorrhea is the most common gynecologic complaint among adolescent females. We investigated the association between genetic polymorphisms and dysmenorrhea. METHODS: A total of 202 postmenarcheal Korean female adolescents 16-17 yr old participated in this study. Genotyping for glutathione S-transferase mu 1 (GSTM1), glutathione S-transferase theta 1 (GSTT1), glutathione S-transferase pi 1 (GSTP1), and estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1) was performed using PCR-based methods. RESULTS: The PP+Pp genotype of the ESR1 gene was more frequent than pp genotypes in subjects with dysmenorrhea than in subjects without dysmenorrhea (odds ratio=2.440; 95% confidence interval, 1.036-5.753; P=0.040) using an unadjusted univariate logistic regression analysis. The relationship between dysmenorrhea and ESR1 gene polymorphisms remained significant after adjustment for premenstrual syndrome, years elapsed after menarche, and family history of dysmenorrhea. No significant difference was observed between subjects with dysmenorrhea and subjects without dysmenorrhea for polymorphisms of GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1 genes. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that ESR1 gene polymorphisms may be associated with dysmenorrhea.

Familial predisposition of dysmenorrhea among the medical students

To evaluate familial predisposition of dysmenorrhea among the medical students of Isra University Hyderabad. An observational study was carried out at Isra University Hyderabad, from June to November 2007 in which a total number of 197 students participated.A pre designed questionnaire was administered to the female medical students in which their age, menarcheal age about menstrual cycle, presence or absence of dysmenorrhea, severity of symptoms and positive family history of dysmenorrhea in mothers and in sisters were asked. Exclusion criteria of the study were amenorrhea, irregular menstrual cycle and whose mothers and sisters had secondary dysmenorrhea as this study basically was concerned with primary dysmenorrhea and to observe familial risk. In this study dysmenorrheal was observed in 76%, the mean age of students was 20.9 SD +/- 1.7, mean age at menarche with dysmenorrhea was 13.2 SD +/- 1.1 and without dysmenorrhea was 12.7 SD +/- 0.9. Positive family history of dysmenorrhea was seen in 33% of mothers and 43% in sisters and there was a group of students who had positive history in both mothers as well as in sisters. We found significant correlation of positive family history with dysmenorrhea in the present study. This suggests that genetic factor is involved in the pathogenesis of primary dysmenorrhea and increases the familial tendency. Therefore positive family history could be the strong predictor for occurrence of dysmenorrhea in offspring and in siblings

Dismenorrea en la adolescencia

Determinar la prevalencia de la dismenorrea (DSM) en nuestra institución, estudiar sus características en la adolescencia, determinar las implicaciones de la DSM en el ausentismo escolar. La DSM, para nuestra institución contribuye la tercera causa de prevalencia, después del parasitismo instestinal y los problemas de visión. Es más frecuente durante la mestruación y no premestrual como es descrito. Las escalas visuales establecieron la intensidad del dolor, siendo leve y moderado en el 83.2 por ciento de las adolescentes en la literatura el resultado es inverso. Los ensayos infieren al dolor incapacitante en el 3 por ciento de los casos, en nuestro estudio el 7 por ciento de las adolescentes se incapacitan 2 y 3 días y el 12 por ciento un día, retrasando su proceso educativo. Las adolescentes refieren síntomas asociados a la DSM, en la literatura se menciona su hallazgo a edades mayores. El 41 por ciento se automedica, generando patologías iatrogénicas y consumistas, acostumbrándose a ingerir medicamentos sin considerar los riesgos futuros, sólo mejora el 36 por ciento, es otra pausa de lo mal orientado del tratamiento; aún más, sólo el 17 por ciento consultan al médico.(truncado 2500 caracteres)